Supportive Care of CKD
May 6, 2026
Supportive care of CKD Keep track of your kidney data with PKB Key Points Supportive care means not having dialysis Dialysis does not suit everyone, especially frail elderly patients If you ...
Urine is liquid waste produced by the kidneys to remove excess fluids and toxins from the blood.
Function: The primary function of urine is to remove waste and excess fluid from the body.
Pathway (urinary tract): Urine travels from the kidneys down the ureters to the bladder, where it is stored. When the bladder is full, it is expelled from the body through the urethra.
Urinary tract
Urine production
The kidneys filter the blood, and the waste products form urine, which travels through the ureters to the bladder for storage before being expelled from the body through the urethra.
The kidneys produce around 1-2 litres of urine per day, with a normal range of 0.5-2.5 L/day.
How? The kidneys filter (and clean) your blood 35x a day, with a blood volume of 5 litres. Even though 180L are filtered, most of the filtered liquid is put back (reabsorbed) into the blood as (roughly) only 2L of urine emerge each day – if you drink 2.5L a day.
The filtering process occurs in tiny filtering units called nephrons (each of which contains a tiny filter called a glomerulus). Most of the glomeruli are the outer part of the kidney (called the cortex).
Colour and hydration: The color of urine can be an indicator of hydration. Light yellow urine often means you are well-hydrated, while darker yellow urine may indicate dehydration.
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