Condition Description
Abdominal aortic aneurysm A swelling in the main blood vessel that runs from the heart down through the tummy.
Achilles tendinopathy A condition causing pain, swelling, and stiffness in the Achilles tendon at the back of the ankle.
Acne A common skin condition that causes spots, oily skin, and sometimes skin that is hot or painful to touch.
Acute cholecystitis Sudden inflammation of the gallbladder, usually caused by a gallstone becoming trapped.
Acute confusion A sudden change in mental state that causes a person to feel disoriented or lose track of time.
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia A rare type of cancer that affects the white blood cells and progresses quickly and aggressively.
Acute myeloid leukaemia An aggressive cancer of the myeloid cells, which normally develop into different types of mature blood cells.
Acute pancreatitis A condition where the pancreas becomes inflamed over a short period of time.
Addison’s disease A rare disorder of the adrenal glands where the body does not produce enough of certain essential hormones.
Adenomyosis A condition where the lining of the womb grows into the muscular wall of the womb.
ADHD A behavioral disorder that includes symptoms such as inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness.
Alcohol-related liver disease Liver damage caused by excess alcohol consumption, ranging from fatty liver to cirrhosis.
Allergic rhinitis Inflammation of the inside of the nose caused by an allergen, such as pollen or dust.
Allergies A reaction by the immune system to a substance that is usually harmless, such as pollen or food.
Alopecia areata Sudden hair loss that starts with one or more circular bald patches that may overlap.
Alport syndrome A genetic condition characterized by kidney disease, hearing loss, and eye abnormalities.
Anal cancer A rare type of cancer that affects the very end of the large bowel.
Anaphylaxis A severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention.
Angina Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscles, usually a symptom of coronary heart disease.
Angioedema Swelling of the deeper layers of the skin, often caused by an allergic reaction.
Ankle sprain An injury where the ligaments in the ankle are stretched, twisted, or torn.
Ankylosing spondylitis A long-term condition in which the spine and other areas of the body become inflamed.
Anorexia nervosa An eating disorder and serious mental health condition where a person keeps their weight as low as possible.
Anxiety and Panic attacks Mental health conditions characterised by feelings of unease, fear, and sudden episodes of intense panic.
Appendicitis Painful swelling of the appendix, a small pouch connected to the large intestine.
Arterial thrombosis A blood clot in an artery, which can block or reduce blood flow to vital organs.
Arthritis A common condition that causes pain and inflammation in a joint.
Asbestosis A long-term lung condition caused by prolonged exposure to asbestos fibers.
Asthma A common lung condition that causes occasional breathing difficulties.
Ataxia A term for a group of disorders that affect co-ordination, balance, and speech.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) A heart condition that causes an irregular and often abnormally fast heart rate.
Autism A lifelong developmental disability which affects how people communicate and interact with the world.
Bacterial vaginosis A common cause of unusual vaginal discharge, caused by a change in the natural balance of bacteria.
Barrett’s esophagus A condition where the lining of the esophagus is damaged by stomach acid.
Bell’s palsy Temporary weakness or paralysis of the muscles in the face.
Benign prostate enlargement A common condition in older men where the prostate gland grows larger, affecting urination.
Bile duct cancer A rare type of cancer that forms in the small tubes that carry bile through the liver.
Binge eating An eating disorder where a person feels compelled to eat large amounts of food in a short period.
Bipolar disorder A mental health condition that affects your moods, which can swing from one extreme to another.
Bladder cancer A cancer that starts in the lining of the bladder, often characterized by blood in the urine.
Blood poisoning (sepsis) A life-threatening reaction to an infection where the immune system attacks its own organs.
Bone cancer A rare type of cancer that begins in the bones, most commonly affecting the long bones of the legs or arms.
Bowel cancer Cancer that begins in the large bowel (colon) or back passage (rectum).
Bowel incontinence An inability to control bowel movements, resulting in involuntary soiling.
Bowel polyps Small growths on the inner lining of the colon or rectum that can sometimes become cancerous.
Brain stem death When a person no longer has any brain functions and has permanently lost the potential for consciousness.
Brain tumours A growth of cells in the brain that multiplies in an abnormal, uncontrollable way.
Breast cancer The most common type of cancer in the UK, starting in the cells of the breast.
Bronchiectasis A long-term condition where the airways of the lungs become abnormally widened.
Bronchitis Inflammation of the airways in the lungs, usually caused by an infection.
Brucellosis An infectious disease caused by bacteria from animals.
Bulimia An eating disorder where a person goes through periods of bingeing and then purging.
Bunion A bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of the big toe.
Buruli ulcer A chronic debilitating skin and soft tissue infection caused by bacteria.
Campylobacter A common cause of bacterial food poisoning.
Carcinoid syndrome A set of symptoms that occur when a rare type of tumor releases certain chemicals into your bloodstream.
Carpal tunnel syndrome Pressure on a nerve in the wrist that causes tingling, numbness, and pain in the hand and fingers.
Cataract When the lens inside the eye develops cloudy patches, leading to blurred vision.
Catarrh A build-up of mucus in an airway or cavity of the body, usually the nose or throat.
Cellulitis A deep skin infection that causes redness, swelling, and pain in the affected area.
Cerebral palsy A group of lifelong conditions that affect movement and co-ordination.
Cervical cancer A type of cancer that develops in a woman’s cervix (the entrance to the womb).
Cervical spondylosis Age-related wear and tear of the spinal discs and joints in the neck.
Chagas disease A disease caused by a parasite found in feces of the triatomine bug.
Chest pain A discomfort that can range from sharp stabs to dull aches, caused by various issues from indigestion to heart attacks.
Chickenpox A highly infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus, characterized by itchy spots.
Chikungunya A viral disease transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes.
Chilblains Small, itchy swellings on the skin that occur as a reaction to cold temperatures.
Chlamydia One of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the UK, often having no symptoms.
Cholera An acute diarrheal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water.
Chronic fatigue syndrome (ME) A long-term illness with a wide range of symptoms, most commonly extreme tiredness.
Chronic heart failure A long-term condition where the heart is unable to pump blood around the body properly.
Chronic kidney disease A long-term condition where the kidneys do not work as well as they should.
Chronic pain Pain that lasts for more than 3 months despite medication or treatment.
Cirrhosis Scarring of the liver caused by long-term liver damage, preventing it from functioning properly.
Coeliac disease A condition where your immune system attacks your own tissues when you eat gluten.
Cold sore Small, fluid-filled blisters that form on or around the lips, caused by the herpes simplex virus.
Congenital heart disease A general term for a range of birth defects that affect the normal way the heart works.
Conjunctivitis An eye inflammation caused by infection or allergies, making the eye red and gritty.
Constipation A common condition where you do not have bowel movements as often as normal or they are hard to pass.
COPD A group of lung conditions that cause breathing difficulties, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Coronavirus (COVID-19) An infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, affecting the lungs and airways.
Crohn’s disease A lifelong condition where parts of the digestive system become inflamed.
Cushing’s syndrome A condition caused by having too much of the hormone cortisol in the body.
Cystic fibrosis An inherited condition that causes sticky mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive system.
Cystitis Inflammation of the bladder, usually caused by a bladder infection.
Dactylitis Severe inflammation of the finger and toe joints, often giving them a “sausage-like” appearance.
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) A blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the leg, which can be serious if it travels to the lungs.
Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy A condition where the spinal cord in the neck is compressed due to wear and tear.
Dehydration A condition that happens when the body loses more fluids than it takes in.
Dementia A syndrome associated with an ongoing decline of brain functioning, affecting memory and thinking.
Dengue fever A mosquito-borne viral infection causing severe flu-like symptoms.
Dental abscess A buildup of pus that can form inside the teeth, gums, or the bone that holds the teeth in place.
Depression A mental health condition characterized by persistent low mood and a loss of interest in activities.
Dermatitis herpetiformis A chronic, itchy skin rash that is a skin manifestation of coeliac disease.
Diabetes A lifelong condition that causes a person’s blood sugar level to become too high.
Diabetic retinopathy A complication of diabetes, caused by high blood sugar levels damaging the back of the eye.
Diphtheria A serious bacterial infection affecting the mucous membranes of the nose and throat.
Diverticular disease A condition where small bulges (diverticula) develop in the lining of the large intestine.
Down’s syndrome A genetic condition where a person is born with an extra chromosome, causing some level of learning disability.
Dysphagia The medical term for swallowing difficulties, which can affect eating and drinking.
Dystonia A movement disorder that causes muscle spasms and contractions.
Earache / Earwax Common ear issues caused by infection, injury, or a buildup of natural wax.
Ebola A rare but severe and often fatal disease caused by infection with one of the Ebola virus species.
Ectopic pregnancy When a fertilized egg implants itself outside of the womb, usually in a fallopian tube.
Eczema A condition that causes the skin to become itchy, dry, and cracked.
Edwards’ syndrome A rare but serious genetic condition that affects how long a baby may live.
Ehlers-Danlos syndromes A group of inherited disorders that affect connective tissues.
Endometriosis A condition where tissue similar to the lining of the womb grows in other places, such as the ovaries.
Epilepsy A common condition that affects the brain and causes frequent seizures.
Erectile dysfunction The inability to get or keep an erection firm enough for sexual intercourse.
Ewing sarcoma A rare type of cancer that affects bones or the tissue around bones.
Fibroids / Fibromyalgia Conditions involving non-cancerous growths in the womb or widespread musculoskeletal pain.
Flu A common infectious viral illness spread by coughs and sneezes.
Food poisoning Reactions to food ranging from immune responses to illness caused by contaminated food.
Gallstones Small stones, usually made of cholesterol, that form in the gallbladder.
Gastroenteritis An infection of the gut that causes diarrhoea and vomiting.
Genital herpes A common sexually transmitted infection caused by a virus.
Giardiasis An intestinal infection caused by a microscopic parasite.
Glandular fever A viral infection that mostly affects young adults, causing fever, sore throat, and swollen glands.
Glaucoma A common eye condition where the optic nerve, which connects the eye to the brain, becomes damaged.
GORD (Acid reflux) A condition where stomach acid comes up into the gullet, causing heartburn and an unpleasant taste.
Gout A type of arthritis that causes sudden, severe joint pain and swelling.
Graves’ disease An immune system disorder resulting in the overproduction of thyroid hormones.
Guillain-Barré syndrome A rare but serious condition that affects the nerves, often after an infection.
Gum disease A condition where the gums become swollen, sore, or infected, usually due to plaque.
Hand, foot and mouth disease A common childhood illness that causes mouth ulcers and a rash on the hands and feet.
Hay fever An allergic reaction to pollen, typically when it comes into contact with the mouth, nose, or eyes.
Headaches / Migraine Common types of pain in the head, ranging from tension to severe throbbing with nausea.
Heart attack Serious cardiac events or the sensation of the heart beating irregularly or fast.
Hemophilia A rare disorder in which the blood doesn’t clot normally because it lacks sufficient blood-clotting proteins.
Hepatitis Inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection or liver damage from alcohol.
Hiatus hernia When part of your stomach moves up into your chest.
HIV A virus that damages the cells in your immune system and weakens your ability to fight everyday infections.
Hodgkin lymphoma An uncommon cancer that develops in the lymphatic system.
Huntington’s disease A condition that stops parts of the brain working properly over time, inherited from a person’s parents.
Hydrocephalus A build-up of fluid in the brain which puts pressure on it, potentially causing brain damage.
Hyperhidrosis A common condition where a person sweats excessively, even when not hot or exercising.
Hypertension A condition of abnormally high blood pressure that can lead to heart disease.
Hypoglycaemia When blood sugar levels drop too low, causing symptoms like shakiness and confusion.
Impetigo A contagious skin infection causing red sores and blisters.
Insomnia A common sleep disorder where you have trouble falling or staying asleep.
Iron deficiency anemia A condition where a lack of iron in the body leads to a reduction in the number of red blood cells.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) A common condition that affects the digestive system, causing symptoms like stomach cramps and bloating.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis The most common type of arthritis in children and teens, causing joint pain and swelling.
Kawasaki disease A condition that causes inflammation in the walls of some blood vessels in the body.
Kidney stones Conditions affecting the kidneys, ranging from hard mineral deposits to malignant growths.
Labyrinthitis An inner ear infection that causes inflammation, leading to dizziness and hearing loss.
Lactose intolerance A common digestive problem where the body is unable to digest lactose, a type of sugar found in dairy.
Laryngeal cancer A type of cancer that affects the larynx (voice box).
Legionnaires’ disease A severe form of pneumonia caused by Legionella bacteria, usually caught by breathing in droplets of water.
Lichen planus A non-infectious, itchy rash that can affect many parts of the body.
Listeriosis A serious infection usually caused by eating food contaminated with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes.
Liver cancer A serious cancer that starts in the liver and is often linked to cirrhosis or hepatitis.
Long COVID Symptoms of COVID-19 that last for weeks or months after the initial infection has gone.
Lung cancer One of the most common and serious types of cancer, usually linked to smoking.
Lupus A complex and poorly understood condition that affects many parts of the body, from the skin to the joints.
Lyme disease A bacterial infection that can be spread to humans by infected ticks.
Macular degeneration A common eye condition that causes vision loss in the center of the field of vision.
Malaria A serious tropical disease spread by mosquitoes.
Measles Highly contagious viral infections, often preventable by the MMR vaccine.
Meningitis An infection of the protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.
Menopause When a person’s periods stop due to lower hormone levels, usually occurring between ages 45 and 55.
Mesothelioma A type of cancer that develops in the lining that covers the outer surface of some of the body’s organs.
Miscarriage The loss of a pregnancy during the first 23 weeks.
Motor neurone disease (MND) An uncommon condition that affects the brain and nerves, causing weakness that gets worse over time.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) A condition that can affect the brain and spinal cord, causing a wide range of potential symptoms.
Myasthenia gravis A rare long-term condition that causes muscle weakness that comes and goes.
Narcolepsy A rare long-term brain condition that can cause a person to suddenly fall asleep at inappropriate times.
Norovirus Also called the “winter vomiting bug,” a stomach bug that causes vomiting and diarrhoea.
Obesity A complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat.
OCD A mental health condition where a person has obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors.
Osteoarthritis A condition that causes joints to become painful and stiff, the most common type of arthritis in the UK.
Osteoporosis A health condition that weakens bones, making them fragile and more likely to break.
Ovarian cancer Cancer originating in the ovaries; often difficult to diagnose early.
Paget’s disease of bone A condition that disrupts the replacement of old bone tissue with new bone tissue.
Pancreatic cancer A cancer that starts in the pancreas, often difficult to detect in its early stages.
Parkinson’s disease A condition in which parts of the brain become progressively damaged over many years.
Pelvic inflammatory disease An infection of the female upper genital tract, including the womb, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.
Peripheral neuropathy Damage to the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, often causing numbness or pain.
Plantar fasciitis A common cause of heel pain, involving inflammation of the tissue running across the bottom of the foot.
Pneumonia Swelling (inflammation) of the tissue in one or both lungs, usually caused by a bacterial infection.
PCOS A condition that affects how a woman’s ovaries work, often involving irregular periods.
Polio A disabling and life-threatening disease caused by the poliovirus.
Postpartum depression A type of depression that many parents experience after having a baby.
Prostate cancer The most common cancer in men in the UK, affecting the prostate gland.
Psoriasis A skin condition that causes flaky patches of skin which form silvery scales.
PTSD An anxiety disorder caused by very stressful, frightening, or distressing events.
Quinsy A rare and potentially serious complication of tonsillitis, where an abscess forms in the throat.
Rabies A rare but very serious infection of the brain and nerves; it’s almost always fatal once symptoms appear.
Raynaud’s phenomenon A condition where blood flow to certain parts of the body (usually fingers or toes) is restricted.
Reactive arthritis A condition that causes inflammation in various joints in the body after an infection.
Restless legs syndrome A common condition of the nervous system that causes an overwhelming irresistible urge to move the legs.
Rheumatoid arthritis A long-term condition that causes pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints.
Rickets A condition that affects bone development in children, causing soft and weak bones.
Rosacea A common but long-term skin condition that mainly affects the face, causing redness and visible blood vessels.
Scabies An itchy skin condition caused by tiny mites that burrow into the skin.
Scarlet fever A contagious infection that mostly affects young children, characterized by a distinctive pink-red rash.
Schizophrenia A severe long-term mental health condition that causes a range of different psychological symptoms.
Sciatica Pain caused by the irritation or compression of the sciatic nerve.
Scoliosis A condition where the spine twists and curves to the side.
Sepsis A life-threatening reaction to an infection where the body’s immune system attacks its own organs.
Shingles An infection of a nerve and the skin around it, caused by the same virus as chickenpox.
Sickle cell disease The name for a group of inherited health conditions that affect the red blood cells.
Sinusitis Swelling of the sinuses, usually caused by an infection.
Sjogren’s syndrome A condition that affects parts of the body that produce fluids, like tears and spit.
Skin cancer A common type of cancer, often caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light.
Sleep apnea A potentially serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts.
Stroke A serious life-threatening medical condition that happens when the blood supply to part of the brain is cut off.
Syphilis A bacterial infection usually spread by sexual contact.
Systemic sclerosis An uncommon condition that can cause thickening of the skin and sometimes affects internal organs.
Tennis elbow A condition that causes pain around the outside of the elbow.
Testicular cancer A relatively rare type of cancer, most commonly affecting men between 15 and 49.
Tetanus A serious disease caused by bacteria getting into a wound; it affects the nervous system.
Thalassemia A group of inherited blood disorders that affect the body’s ability to produce hemoglobin and red blood cells.
Thyroid cancer A rare type of cancer that affects the thyroid gland, a small gland at the base of the neck.
Tinnitus / Tonsillitis Ringing in the ears or inflammation of the tonsils at the back of the throat.
Tourette’s syndrome A condition that causes a person to make involuntary sounds and movements called tics.
Tuberculosis (TB) A bacterial infection spread through inhaling tiny droplets from the coughs or sneezes of an infected person.
Typhoid fever A bacterial infection that can spread throughout the body and affect many organs.
Ulcerative colitis A long-term condition where the colon and rectum become inflamed.
Urinary tract infection (UTI) An infection of any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys, bladder, or urethra.
Urticaria (Hives) A skin rash with red, raised, itchy bumps that may also burn or sting.
Varicose veins Swollen and enlarged veins that usually occur on the legs and feet.
Vertigo The sensation that you, or the environment around you, is moving or spinning.
Vitiligo A long-term condition where pale white patches develop on the skin.
Von Willebrand disease A lifelong bleeding disorder in which your blood doesn’t clot well.
Whooping cough A bacterial infection of the lungs and breathing tubes that causes bouts of coughing.
Womb cancer Cancer that begins in the womb (uterus), usually in the lining.
Yellow fever Serious viral infections spread by mosquitoes, typically found in specific tropical regions.
Zika virus A viral infection spread by mosquitoes; it can cause birth defects if a pregnant woman is infected.

Would you like me to create a separate summary table specifically for the “New Additions” so you can easily review the 50 added conditions?

 

You said

Make this a table that can be cut and pasted and keep its columns and rows

Gemini said

I have formatted the list into a clean, standard Markdown table. This format is designed to be selected, copied, and pasted directly into applications like Microsoft Word, Excel, Google Docs, or Notion while maintaining the integrity of the columns and rows.

Comprehensive Medical Conditions Directory

Condition Description
Abdominal aortic aneurysm A swelling in the main blood vessel that runs from the heart down through the tummy.
Achilles tendinopathy A condition causing pain, swelling, and stiffness in the Achilles tendon at the back of the ankle.
Acne A common skin condition that causes spots, oily skin, and sometimes skin that is hot or painful to touch.
Acute cholecystitis Sudden inflammation of the gallbladder, usually caused by a gallstone becoming trapped.
Acute confusion A sudden change in mental state that causes a person to feel disoriented or lose track of time.
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia A rare type of cancer that affects the white blood cells and progresses quickly and aggressively.
Acute myeloid leukaemia An aggressive cancer of the myeloid cells, which normally develop into different types of mature blood cells.
Acute pancreatitis A condition where the pancreas becomes inflamed over a short period of time.
Addison’s disease A rare disorder of the adrenal glands where the body does not produce enough of certain essential hormones.
Adenomyosis A condition where the lining of the womb grows into the muscular wall of the womb.
ADHD A behavioral disorder that includes symptoms such as inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness.
Alcohol-related liver disease Liver damage caused by excess alcohol consumption, ranging from fatty liver to cirrhosis.
Allergic rhinitis Inflammation of the inside of the nose caused by an allergen, such as pollen or dust.
Allergies A reaction by the immune system to a substance that is usually harmless, such as pollen or food.
Alopecia areata Sudden hair loss that starts with one or more circular bald patches that may overlap.
Alport syndrome A genetic condition characterized by kidney disease, hearing loss, and eye abnormalities.
Anal cancer A rare type of cancer that affects the very end of the large bowel.
Anaphylaxis A severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention.
Angina Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscles, usually a symptom of coronary heart disease.
Angioedema Swelling of the deeper layers of the skin, often caused by an allergic reaction.
Ankle sprain An injury where the ligaments in the ankle are stretched, twisted, or torn.
Ankylosing spondylitis A long-term condition in which the spine and other areas of the body become inflamed.
Anorexia nervosa An eating disorder and serious mental health condition where a person keeps their weight as low as possible.
Anxiety and Panic attacks Mental health conditions characterized by feelings of unease, fear, and sudden episodes of intense panic.
Appendicitis Painful swelling of the appendix, a small pouch connected to the large intestine.
Arterial thrombosis A blood clot in an artery, which can block or reduce blood flow to vital organs.
Arthritis A common condition that causes pain and inflammation in a joint.
Asbestosis A long-term lung condition caused by prolonged exposure to asbestos fibers.
Asthma A common lung condition that causes occasional breathing difficulties.
Ataxia A term for a group of disorders that affect co-ordination, balance, and speech.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) A heart condition that causes an irregular and often abnormally fast heart rate.
Autism A lifelong developmental disability which affects how people communicate and interact with the world.
Bacterial vaginosis A common cause of unusual vaginal discharge, caused by a change in the natural balance of bacteria.
Barrett’s esophagus A condition where the lining of the esophagus is damaged by stomach acid.
Bell’s palsy Temporary weakness or paralysis of the muscles in the face.
Benign prostate enlargement A common condition in older men where the prostate gland grows larger, affecting urination.
Bile duct cancer A rare type of cancer that forms in the small tubes that carry bile through the liver.
Binge eating An eating disorder where a person feels compelled to eat large amounts of food in a short period.
Bipolar disorder A mental health condition that affects your moods, which can swing from one extreme to another.
Bladder cancer A cancer that starts in the lining of the bladder, often characterized by blood in the urine.
Blood poisoning (sepsis) A life-threatening reaction to an infection where the immune system attacks its own organs.
Bone cancer A rare type of cancer that begins in the bones, most commonly affecting the long bones of the legs or arms.
Bowel cancer Cancer that begins in the large bowel (colon) or back passage (rectum).
Bowel incontinence An inability to control bowel movements, resulting in involuntary soiling.
Bowel polyps Small growths on the inner lining of the colon or rectum that can sometimes become cancerous.
Brain stem death When a person no longer has any brain functions and has permanently lost the potential for consciousness.
Brain tumours A growth of cells in the brain that multiplies in an abnormal, uncontrollable way.
Breast cancer The most common type of cancer in the UK, starting in the cells of the breast.
Bronchiectasis A long-term condition where the airways of the lungs become abnormally widened.
Bronchitis Inflammation of the airways in the lungs, usually caused by an infection.
Brucellosis An infectious disease caused by bacteria from animals.
Bulimia An eating disorder where a person goes through periods of bingeing and then purging.
Bunion A bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of the big toe.
Buruli ulcer A chronic debilitating skin and soft tissue infection caused by bacteria.
Campylobacter A common cause of bacterial food poisoning.
Carcinoid syndrome A set of symptoms that occur when a rare type of tumor releases certain chemicals into your bloodstream.
Carpal tunnel syndrome Pressure on a nerve in the wrist that causes tingling, numbness, and pain in the hand and fingers.
Cataract When the lens inside the eye develops cloudy patches, leading to blurred vision.
Catarrh A build-up of mucus in an airway or cavity of the body, usually the nose or throat.
Cellulitis A deep skin infection that causes redness, swelling, and pain in the affected area.
Cerebral palsy A group of lifelong conditions that affect movement and co-ordination.
Cervical cancer A type of cancer that develops in a woman’s cervix (the entrance to the womb).
Cervical spondylosis Age-related wear and tear of the spinal discs and joints in the neck.
Chagas disease A disease caused by a parasite found in feces of the triatomine bug.
Chest pain A discomfort that can range from sharp stabs to dull aches, caused by various issues from indigestion to heart attacks.
Chickenpox A highly infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus, characterized by itchy spots.
Chikungunya A viral disease transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes.
Chilblains Small, itchy swellings on the skin that occur as a reaction to cold temperatures.
Chlamydia One of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the UK, often having no symptoms.
Cholera An acute diarrheal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water.
Chronic fatigue syndrome (ME) A long-term illness with a wide range of symptoms, most commonly extreme tiredness.
Chronic heart failure A long-term condition where the heart is unable to pump blood around the body properly.
Chronic kidney disease A long-term condition where the kidneys do not work as well as they should.
Chronic pain Pain that lasts for more than 3 months despite medication or treatment.
Cirrhosis Scarring of the liver caused by long-term liver damage, preventing it from functioning properly.
Coeliac disease A condition where your immune system attacks your own tissues when you eat gluten.
Cold sore Small, fluid-filled blisters that form on or around the lips, caused by the herpes simplex virus.
Congenital heart disease A general term for a range of birth defects that affect the normal way the heart works.
Conjunctivitis An eye inflammation caused by infection or allergies, making the eye red and gritty.
Constipation A common condition where you do not have bowel movements as often as normal or they are hard to pass.
COPD A group of lung conditions that cause breathing difficulties, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Coronavirus (COVID-19) An infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, affecting the lungs and airways.
Crohn’s disease A lifelong condition where parts of the digestive system become inflamed.
Cushing’s syndrome A condition caused by having too much of the hormone cortisol in the body.
Cystic fibrosis An inherited condition that causes sticky mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive system.
Cystitis Inflammation of the bladder, usually caused by a bladder infection.
Dactylitis Severe inflammation of the finger and toe joints, often giving them a “sausage-like” appearance.
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) A blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the leg, which can be serious if it travels to the lungs.
Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy A condition where the spinal cord in the neck is compressed due to wear and tear.
Dehydration A condition that happens when the body loses more fluids than it takes in.
Dementia A syndrome associated with an ongoing decline of brain functioning, affecting memory and thinking.
Dengue fever A mosquito-borne viral infection causing severe flu-like symptoms.
Dental abscess A buildup of pus that can form inside the teeth, gums, or the bone that holds the teeth in place.
Depression A mental health condition characterized by persistent low mood and a loss of interest in activities.
Dermatitis herpetiformis A chronic, itchy skin rash that is a skin manifestation of coeliac disease.
Diabetes A lifelong condition that causes a person’s blood sugar level to become too high.
Diabetic retinopathy A complication of diabetes, caused by high blood sugar levels damaging the back of the eye.
Diphtheria A serious bacterial infection affecting the mucous membranes of the nose and throat.
Diverticular disease A condition where small bulges (diverticula) develop in the lining of the large intestine.
Down’s syndrome A genetic condition where a person is born with an extra chromosome, causing some level of learning disability.
Dysphagia The medical term for swallowing difficulties, which can affect eating and drinking.
Dystonia A movement disorder that causes muscle spasms and contractions.
Earache / Earwax Common ear issues caused by infection, injury, or a buildup of natural wax.
Ebola A rare but severe and often fatal disease caused by infection with one of the Ebola virus species.
Ectopic pregnancy When a fertilized egg implants itself outside of the womb, usually in a fallopian tube.
Eczema A condition that causes the skin to become itchy, dry, and cracked.
Edwards’ syndrome A rare but serious genetic condition that affects how long a baby may live.
Ehlers-Danlos syndromes A group of inherited disorders that affect connective tissues.
Endometriosis A condition where tissue similar to the lining of the womb grows in other places, such as the ovaries.
Epilepsy A common condition that affects the brain and causes frequent seizures.
Erectile dysfunction The inability to get or keep an erection firm enough for sexual intercourse.
Ewing sarcoma A rare type of cancer that affects bones or the tissue around bones.
Fibroids / Fibromyalgia Conditions involving non-cancerous growths in the womb or widespread musculoskeletal pain.
Flu A common infectious viral illness spread by coughs and sneezes.
Food poisoning Reactions to food ranging from immune responses to illness caused by contaminated food.
Gallstones Small stones, usually made of cholesterol, that form in the gallbladder.
Gastroenteritis An infection of the gut that causes diarrhoea and vomiting.
Genital herpes A common sexually transmitted infection caused by a virus.
Giardiasis An intestinal infection caused by a microscopic parasite.
Glandular fever A viral infection that mostly affects young adults, causing fever, sore throat, and swollen glands.
Glaucoma A common eye condition where the optic nerve, which connects the eye to the brain, becomes damaged.
GORD (Acid reflux) A condition where stomach acid comes up into the gullet, causing heartburn and an unpleasant taste.
Gout A type of arthritis that causes sudden, severe joint pain and swelling.
Graves’ disease An immune system disorder resulting in the overproduction of thyroid hormones.
Guillain-Barré syndrome A rare but serious condition that affects the nerves, often after an infection.
Gum disease A condition where the gums become swollen, sore, or infected, usually due to plaque.
Hand, foot and mouth disease A common childhood illness that causes mouth ulcers and a rash on the hands and feet.
Hay fever An allergic reaction to pollen, typically when it comes into contact with the mouth, nose, or eyes.
Headaches / Migraine Common types of pain in the head, ranging from tension to severe throbbing with nausea.
Heart attack Serious cardiac events or the sensation of the heart beating irregularly or fast.
Hemophilia A rare disorder in which the blood doesn’t clot normally because it lacks sufficient blood-clotting proteins.
Hepatitis Inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection or liver damage from alcohol.
Hiatus hernia When part of your stomach moves up into your chest.
HIV A virus that damages the cells in your immune system and weakens your ability to fight everyday infections.
Hodgkin lymphoma An uncommon cancer that develops in the lymphatic system.
Huntington’s disease A condition that stops parts of the brain working properly over time, inherited from a person’s parents.
Hydrocephalus A build-up of fluid in the brain which puts pressure on it, potentially causing brain damage.
Hyperhidrosis A common condition where a person sweats excessively, even when not hot or exercising.
Hypertension A condition of abnormally high blood pressure that can lead to heart disease.
Hypoglycaemia When blood sugar levels drop too low, causing symptoms like shakiness and confusion.
Impetigo A contagious skin infection causing red sores and blisters.
Insomnia A common sleep disorder where you have trouble falling or staying asleep.
Iron deficiency anemia A condition where a lack of iron in the body leads to a reduction in the number of red blood cells.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) A common condition that affects the digestive system, causing symptoms like stomach cramps and bloating.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis The most common type of arthritis in children and teens, causing joint pain and swelling.
Kawasaki disease A condition that causes inflammation in the walls of some blood vessels in the body.
Kidney stones Conditions affecting the kidneys, ranging from hard mineral deposits to malignant growths.
Labyrinthitis An inner ear infection that causes inflammation, leading to dizziness and hearing loss.
Lactose intolerance A common digestive problem where the body is unable to digest lactose, a type of sugar found in dairy.
Laryngeal cancer A type of cancer that affects the larynx (voice box).
Legionnaires’ disease A severe form of pneumonia caused by Legionella bacteria, usually caught by breathing in droplets of water.
Lichen planus A non-infectious, itchy rash that can affect many parts of the body.
Listeriosis A serious infection usually caused by eating food contaminated with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes.
Liver cancer A serious cancer that starts in the liver and is often linked to cirrhosis or hepatitis.
Long COVID Symptoms of COVID-19 that last for weeks or months after the initial infection has gone.
Lung cancer One of the most common and serious types of cancer, usually linked to smoking.
Lupus A complex and poorly understood condition that affects many parts of the body, from the skin to the joints.
Lyme disease A bacterial infection that can be spread to humans by infected ticks.
Macular degeneration A common eye condition that causes vision loss in the center of the field of vision.
Malaria A serious tropical disease spread by mosquitoes.
Measles Highly contagious viral infections, often preventable by the MMR vaccine.
Meningitis An infection of the protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.
Menopause When a person’s periods stop due to lower hormone levels, usually occurring between ages 45 and 55.
Mesothelioma A type of cancer that develops in the lining that covers the outer surface of some of the body’s organs.
Miscarriage The loss of a pregnancy during the first 23 weeks.
Motor neurone disease (MND) An uncommon condition that affects the brain and nerves, causing weakness that gets worse over time.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) A condition that can affect the brain and spinal cord, causing a wide range of potential symptoms.
Myasthenia gravis A rare long-term condition that causes muscle weakness that comes and goes.
Narcolepsy A rare long-term brain condition that can cause a person to suddenly fall asleep at inappropriate times.
Norovirus Also called the “winter vomiting bug,” a stomach bug that causes vomiting and diarrhoea.
Obesity A complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat.
OCD A mental health condition where a person has obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors.
Osteoarthritis A condition that causes joints to become painful and stiff, the most common type of arthritis in the UK.
Osteoporosis A health condition that weakens bones, making them fragile and more likely to break.
Ovarian cancer Cancer originating in the ovaries; often difficult to diagnose early.
Paget’s disease of bone A condition that disrupts the replacement of old bone tissue with new bone tissue.
Pancreatic cancer A cancer that starts in the pancreas, often difficult to detect in its early stages.
Parkinson’s disease A condition in which parts of the brain become progressively damaged over many years.
Pelvic inflammatory disease An infection of the female upper genital tract, including the womb, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.
Peripheral neuropathy Damage to the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, often causing numbness or pain.
Plantar fasciitis A common cause of heel pain, involving inflammation of the tissue running across the bottom of the foot.
Pneumonia Swelling (inflammation) of the tissue in one or both lungs, usually caused by a bacterial infection.
PCOS A condition that affects how a woman’s ovaries work, often involving irregular periods.
Polio A disabling and life-threatening disease caused by the poliovirus.
Postpartum depression A type of depression that many parents experience after having a baby.
Prostate cancer The most common cancer in men in the UK, affecting the prostate gland.
Psoriasis A skin condition that causes flaky patches of skin which form silvery scales.
PTSD An anxiety disorder caused by very stressful, frightening, or distressing events.
Quinsy A rare and potentially serious complication of tonsillitis, where an abscess forms in the throat.
Rabies A rare but very serious infection of the brain and nerves; it’s almost always fatal once symptoms appear.
Raynaud’s phenomenon A condition where blood flow to certain parts of the body (usually fingers or toes) is restricted.
Reactive arthritis A condition that causes inflammation in various joints in the body after an infection.
Restless legs syndrome A common condition of the nervous system that causes an overwhelming irresistible urge to move the legs.
Rheumatoid arthritis A long-term condition that causes pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints.
Rickets A condition that affects bone development in children, causing soft and weak bones.
Rosacea A common but long-term skin condition that mainly affects the face, causing redness and visible blood vessels.
Scabies An itchy skin condition caused by tiny mites that burrow into the skin.
Scarlet fever A contagious infection that mostly affects young children, characterized by a distinctive pink-red rash.
Schizophrenia A severe long-term mental health condition that causes a range of different psychological symptoms.
Sciatica Pain caused by the irritation or compression of the sciatic nerve.
Scoliosis A condition where the spine twists and curves to the side.
Sepsis A life-threatening reaction to an infection where the body’s immune system attacks its own organs.
Shingles An infection of a nerve and the skin around it, caused by the same virus as chickenpox.
Sickle cell disease The name for a group of inherited health conditions that affect the red blood cells.
Sinusitis Swelling of the sinuses, usually caused by an infection.
Sjogren’s syndrome A condition that affects parts of the body that produce fluids, like tears and spit.
Skin cancer A common type of cancer, often caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light.
Sleep apnea A potentially serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts.
Stroke A serious life-threatening medical condition that happens when the blood supply to part of the brain is cut off.
Syphilis A bacterial infection usually spread by sexual contact.
Systemic sclerosis An uncommon condition that can cause thickening of the skin and sometimes affects internal organs.
Tennis elbow A condition that causes pain around the outside of the elbow.
Testicular cancer A relatively rare type of cancer, most commonly affecting men between 15 and 49.
Tetanus A serious disease caused by bacteria getting into a wound; it affects the nervous system.
Thalassemia A group of inherited blood disorders that affect the body’s ability to produce hemoglobin and red blood cells.
Thyroid cancer A rare type of cancer that affects the thyroid gland, a small gland at the base of the neck.
Tinnitus / Tonsillitis Ringing in the ears or inflammation of the tonsils at the back of the throat.
Tourette’s syndrome A condition that causes a person to make involuntary sounds and movements called tics.
Tuberculosis (TB) A bacterial infection spread through inhaling tiny droplets from the coughs or sneezes of an infected person.
Typhoid fever A bacterial infection that can spread throughout the body and affect many organs.
Ulcerative colitis A long-term condition where the colon and rectum become inflamed.
Urinary tract infection (UTI) An infection of any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys, bladder, or urethra.
Urticaria (Hives) A skin rash with red, raised, itchy bumps that may also burn or sting.
Varicose veins Swollen and enlarged veins that usually occur on the legs and feet.
Vertigo The sensation that you, or the environment around you, is moving or spinning.
Vitiligo A long-term condition where pale white patches develop on the skin.
Von Willebrand disease A lifelong bleeding disorder in which your blood doesn’t clot well.
Whooping cough A bacterial infection of the lungs and breathing tubes that causes bouts of coughing.
Womb cancer Cancer that begins in the womb (uterus), usually in the lining.
Yellow fever Serious viral infections spread by mosquitoes, typically found in specific tropical regions.
Zika virus A viral infection spread by mosquitoes; it can cause birth defects if a pregnant woman is infected.