Blood and Lymphatic
Reflux Nephropathy: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment Reflux nephropathy is a form of chronic kidney damage caused by vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the abnormal backward flow of urine from the bladder into th...
Acute Pyelonephritis : Causes, Symptoms, Treatment Acute pyelonephritis is a serious upper urinary tract infection (UTI) involving the renal parenchyma and collecting system. It may be complicated or ...
How Is a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Diagnosed? Diagnosing a urinary tract infection (UTI) is not simply about finding bacteria in the urine. It requires clinical context, careful interpretation of ...
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) – Patient Information Hub Background What is a UTI? How do you get UTIs? Causes 10 Bacteria that cause UTIs What causes a UTI? Types Complicated vs uncomplicated UT...
CKD: 10 Questions and 10 Answers Chronic Kidney Disease is a “silent” epidemic. In 2026, data suggests that over 9.5 million people in the UK are living with CKD, though many remain undiag...
What is a kidney transplant? A kidney transplant is a surgical procedure in which a healthy kidney from a living or deceased donor is implanted into a person with advanced chronic kidney disease (Stag...
What is Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)? Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a home-based renal replacement therapy (RTT) used to treat advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), i.e kidney failure (Stage 5 CKD). Unlike...
Chronic Kidney Disease – Patient Information Hub Summary What is CKD? CKD: Comprehensive Patient Guide (longer article) Background What do the kidneys do (7 functions)? Kidney anatomy – ba...
I’ve got symptoms of a UTI but all tests are negative. Why? That’s frustratingly common, and no, you are not imagining it. UTI-type symptoms with negative tests can happen for several real reaso...
What is the Urethral Syndrome – and how is it connected to UTIs? Urethral syndrome (sometimes called urethral pain syndrome) is a condition where someone has UTI-like urinary symptoms but no cle...
