10 Common Eye Problems – When to Worry and When to See a Doctor
Our eyes are one of our most vital senses, and any issues with them can significantly impact our daily lives. From minor irritations to serious conditions, eye problems can range from easily treatable to sight-threatening.
Knowing when to worry and when to seek medical attention is crucial for protecting your vision.
Here are ten common eye problems, their symptoms, and guidance on when to see a doctor.
1. Conjunctivitis (Pink or Red Eye)
Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inner eyelids. It’s usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection, or an allergic reaction.
- Symptoms: Redness, itching, burning sensation, tearing, and discharge
- When to worry: If symptoms persist or worsen, or if you experience vision changes
- When to see a doctor: If you have a thick yellow discharge, severe pain, or vision changes. Usually, pink eye is self-limiting, but antibiotic drops or ointment may be prescribed for bacterial cases.
2. Cataracts
Cataracts are a clouding of the lens in the eye that affects vision. They’re common in older adults and can cause blurry or hazy vision.
- Symptoms: Blurry or hazy vision, sensitivity to light, difficulty seeing at night
- When to worry: If vision changes impact daily activities, such as reading, driving, or recognising faces
- When to see a doctor: If you notice significant vision changes or if cataracts affect your daily life. Surgical removal of the cloudy lens and replacement with an artificial lens is the standard treatment.
3. Dry Eyes
Dry eye syndrome occurs when the eyes don’t produce enough tears or the tears are of poor quality. This can lead to discomfort and vision problems.
- Symptoms: Dryness, itchiness, burning sensation, blurred vision
- When to worry: If symptoms persist or worsen, affecting your daily activities
- When to see a doctor: If over-the-counter artificial tears don’t provide relief or if you experience persistent discomfort. Medicated drops or other treatments may be necessary.
4. Uveitis
Uveitis is an inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye. It can be caused by infection, injury, or an underlying health condition.
- Symptoms: Eye pain, redness, blurred vision, visual loss, sensitivity to light
- When to worry: Immediately, as uveitis can cause permanent vision loss (blindness) if left untreated
- When to see a doctor: If you experience any symptoms, especially severe pain or vision changes. Prompt medical attention is essential for effective treatment.
5. Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that damages the blood vessels in the retina. It can lead to vision loss if not managed properly.
- Symptoms: Often none in the early stages, but can cause vision changes or blindness if untreated
- When to worry: If you have diabetes, regular eye examination are crucial for early detection
- When to see a doctor: Arrange regular eye examination if you have diabetes. If you notice any vision changes, seek medical attention promptly.
6. Keratoconus
Keratoconus is a condition where the cornea thins and bulges, causing distorted vision.
- Symptoms: Distorted vision, sensitivity to light, blurred vision
- When to worry: If vision changes rapidly or worsen
- When to see a doctor: If you notice significant changes in your vision or if your glasses or contact lenses no longer provide clear vision. See a hospital eye doctor (ophthalmologist) for proper diagnosis and treatment.
7. Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
AMD is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults. It affects the macula, the part of the retina responsible for central vision.
- Symptoms: Blurred central vision, difficulty reading or recognising faces
- When to worry: If you experience vision changes, especially if you’re over 50
- When to see a doctor: If you notice any changes in your central vision or if you have a family history of AMD. Early detection and treatment can slow disease progression.
8. Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often due to abnormal eye pressure. It can lead to permanent vision loss if untreated.
- Symptoms: Often none until vision loss occurs
- When to worry: Regular eye exams are crucial, especially if you have a family history of glaucoma
- When to see a doctor: Arrange regular eye examinations, especially if you’re over 40 or have a family history. If you notice any vision changes or experience eye pain, seek medical attention.
9. Presbyopia
Presbyopia is a age-related decline in near vision, typically noticeable in the early to mid-40s.
- Symptoms: Difficulty reading close-up, blurred vision
- When to worry: If vision changes impact daily activities, such as reading or cooking
- When to see a doctor: If you experience persistent difficulty with near vision. Reading glasses, contact lenses, or surgery can correct presbyopia.
10. Retinal Detachment
Retinal detachment is a medical emergency where the retina separates from the back of the eye. It requires immediate attention to prevent permanent vision loss.
- Symptoms: Flashes of light, floaters, dark shadow in vision
- When to worry: Immediately, as prompt treatment is essential
- When to see a doctor: If you experience any symptoms, seek emergency medical attention. Surgery is usually necessary to reattach the retina.
General Guidelines
While these common eye problems have distinct symptoms, there are general signs that indicate you should see a doctor:
- Sudden vision changes or loss
- Severe eye pain or redness
- Increased sensitivity to light
- Double vision or distorted vision
- Flashes of light or new floaters
- Eye injury or trauma.
If you’re concerned about your eye health, don’t hesitate to make an appointment with your doctor – or often better, an optician.
