What are the 10 most common water tablets (diuretics)?

What are the 10 most common water tablets (diuretics)?

In this article, we will describe what are the 10 most common water tablets (diuretics). Let’s start with the basics.

What are diuretics?

Diuretics, sometimes called water tablets, help rid your body of water and salt (sodium). They are used for diseases when there is too much water in the body – e.g. congestive (chronic) heart failure (CHF), chronic kidney disease (CKD), liver failure, and nephrotic syndrome.

Most of these medicines help your kidneys release more sodium into your urine. The sodium helps remove water from your blood; decreasing the amount of fluid flowing through your veins and arteries. This also reduces blood pressure.

So. What are the 10 most common water tablets (diuretics)?

The most commonly used are furosemide and bendroflumethiazide. But we will go through them all, including those two drugs.

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor – used to reduce intraocular pressure (in glaucoma)

1. Acetazolamide

Loop diuretics – used for fluid overload states, e.g. heart (CHF), kidney (CKD) and liver failure, and nephrotic syndrome

2. Furosemide (40 mg once a day to 120 mg twice a day)

3. Bumetanide (1 mg once a day to 2 mg twice a day)

4. Torasemide

5. Ethacrynic acid

Osmotic diuretic – used for head injury

5. Mannitol

Potassium-sparing – used to raise potassium levels, or for CHF

6. Amiloride

7. Spironolactone (25-100 mg once a day)

Also: triamterene, eplerenone

Thiazide diuretics – used for high blood pressure (hypertension); sometimes in combination with loop diuretics

8. Bendroflumethiazide (2.5-10 mg once a day)

9. Indapamide

10. Metolazone

Also: hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthiazide, chlorthalidone.

Side-effects

Diuretics are generally safe drugs. Side effects include increased urination and sodium loss.

Diuretics can also affect blood potassium levels. If you take a loop or thiazide diuretic, your potassium level can drop too low (hypokalaemia), which can cause life-threatening problems with your heartbeat.

If you are on a potassium-sparing diuretic, you can have too much potassium in your blood (hyperkalaemia).

Other possible side effects of diuretics include:

• Low sodium levels in blood
• Dehydration leading to low blood pressure and dizziness
• Muscle cramps
• Joint disorders (e.g. gout).

What are the strongest diuretics?

In this order from strongest to weakest,

1. Osmotic – though only used in special situations in hospital
2. Loop, e.g. Furosemide
3. Thiazide, e.g. Bendroflumethazide. Metolazone is the strongest in this group and can be used in combination with a loop diuretic – especially if there is severe fluid overload. They help each other to work
4. Potassium sparing, e.g. Spironolactone
5. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, e.g. Acetazolamide.

Summary

We have described what are the 10 most common water tablets (diuretics). We hope you understand them better now.