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How do the kidneys work?
Role. The kidney’s main role is to filter the blood
Main function. This is because its main function is to remove waste products and extra water from the body
Not one large filter
Nephrons. Each kidney is made up of about a million tiny filtering units called nephrons (see above)
Glomerulus/tubule. The nephron includes a filter, called the glomerulus, and a tubule. Each nephron filters a small amount of blood. The tubule is the drain out of the glomerulus, i.e. how the filtered blood gets out. The glomeruli are mainly in the cortex (outer area of the kidney) and tubules in the medulla (inner area)
The glomerulus – is like a scrunched up tiny ball of blood vessels (called capillaries)
The tubule – is a long U-shaped tube with three parts: proximal (means nearer to glomerulus) convoluted tubule (‘PCT’), Loop of Henle (‘loop’), and distal (further from glomerulus) convoluted tubule (‘DCT’)
Two-step process. Nephrons work in two stages:
Filtration – the glomerulus lets waste products and water pass through it; however, it prevents blood cells and large molecules, mostly proteins, from passing
Reabsorption – the filtered fluid then passes through the tubule, where necessary minerals are absorbed back into the bloodstream
Urine – is the final product which is passed into the bladder, and is removed from the body when you wee.
Other resources
This is a good video that explains how the kidneys work.
