Here are 10 key facts about corneal ulcers.
1. Definition: A corneal ulcer is an open sore on the cornea, the clear layer at the front of the eye, usually caused by infection.
2. Causes: Most corneal ulcers are caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, often secondary to eye injuries, contact lens irritation, or underlying eye diseases.
3. Risk Factors: Contact lens wearers, especially those using extended-wear lenses, are at increased risk, as are individuals with dry eyes, eyelid abnormalities, or immunosuppression.
4. Symptoms: Patients typically present with eye pain, redness, tearing, sensitivity to light, and a feeling of something in the eye.
5. Diagnosis: Diagnosis is made through slit-lamp examination, and fluorescein staining can help visualise the ulcer. This can only be done by an eye doctor at a hospital.
6. Treatment: Antibiotic eye drops are the mainstay of treatment, with cycloplegic drops for pain management.
7. Complications: Untreated corneal ulcers can lead to vision loss, scarring, and even blindness.
8. Prognosis (outlook): Outcome depends on the cause, size, and location of the ulcer, as well as promptness and effectiveness of treatment.
9. Prevention: Proper contact lens care, eye protection, and prompt treatment of eye injuries can help prevent corneal ulcers.
10. Referral: A patient with a suspected corneal ulcer should be seen by a senior opthalmologist (specialist eye doctor within) 48 hours.
Top Tip
If you think you may have a corneal ulcer go to the largest hospital near you, but check they have a eye doctors in A&E first (ring them up). If not choose a different hospital even if further away.
