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10 Shoulder Anatomy Facts
Here are 10 essential facts about shoulder anatomy.
1. Shoulder Complex
- The shoulder complex consists of four main joints: the glenohumeral joint, acromioclavicular (AC) joint, sternoclavicular (SC) joint, and the scapulothoracic joint.
2. Glenohumeral Joint
- This is the ball-and-socket joint formed between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula, allowing for a wide range of motion.
3. Rotator Cuff Muscles
- The shoulder’s stability and movement are supported by four rotator cuff muscles: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis. These muscles help stabilize the glenohumeral joint and assist in arm movements.
4. Scapula Anatomy
- The scapula (shoulder blade) has several important landmarks, including the spine, acromion, coracoid process, and glenoid cavity, which contribute to shoulder function and muscle attachment.
5. Clavicle Function
- The clavicle (collarbone) connects the upper limb to the trunk and acts as a strut to maintain shoulder position. It is also involved in the movement of the AC joint.
6. Shoulder Ligaments
- Key ligaments include the coracoclavicular ligament (stabilizing the AC joint) and the glenohumeral ligaments (providing stability to the glenohumeral joint).
7. Bursa in the Shoulder
- The subacromial bursa is a fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between the rotator cuff tendons and the acromion during arm movements.
8. Nerve Supply
- The shoulder is primarily innervated by the brachial plexus, with the suprascapular nerve supplying the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles, and the axillary nerve innervating the deltoid and teres minor.
9. Blood Supply
- The shoulder receives blood supply from branches of the subclavian artery, mainly through the suprascapular artery and the axillary artery.
10. Common Shoulder Injuries
- Familiarity with shoulder anatomy is crucial for diagnosing common conditions such as rotator cuff tears, shoulder dislocations, and impingement syndrome, which can result from trauma or repetitive strain.
