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10 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS/ME) Facts
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) – or myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) – is a complex and long-term illness characterized by extreme fatigue that worsens with physical or mental activity, a lack of rest, sleep problems, and issues with thinking and concentration.
1. Definition
- Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS/ME) is a complex, long-term illness characterized by profound fatigue that is not relieved by rest and interferes with daily life.
2. Cause
- The exact cause of CFS/ME is unknown, but it is thought to involve a combination of factors including viral infections, immune system dysfunction, and stress.
3. Risk Factors
- Risk factors include a history of viral infections (e.g. glandular fever), autoimmune conditions, and stress. It is more common in women and typically develops in the 30s-50s.
4. Symptoms
- Key symptoms include persistent and profound fatigue, muscle pain, joint pain, headaches, sleep disturbances, and cognitive difficulties (e.g. memory and concentration problems).
5. Diagnosis
- Diagnosis is clinical, based on symptoms and exclusion of other causes of fatigue. Common criteria include the Institute of Medicine (IOM) criteria, which require profound fatigue lasting ≥6 months, along with ≥1 other symptom (e.g., muscle pain, cognitive issues).
6. Treatment
- Treatment focuses on symptom management and improving quality of life. This may include cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), graded exercise therapy (GET), pacing activities, and medications for pain and sleep disturbances.
7. Complications
- Complications can include physical deconditioning, social isolation, depression, and reduced quality of life. Some patients may become housebound or bedridden.
8. Prognosis (outlook)
- Prognosis varies; some patients recover over time, while others experience persistent symptoms. Early diagnosis and management can improve outcomes.
9. Prevention
- There is no known way to prevent CFS/ME, but early recognition and management of symptoms may help reduce severity.
10. Referral
- Refer unwell patients to a specialist with experience in CFS/ME for comprehensive management, particularly if symptoms are severe or not responding to initial treatment
- Multidisciplinary care involving physiotherapy, psychology, and occupational therapy can be beneficial.
