10 chronic kidney disease (CKD) symptoms The commonest symptom of CKD is no symptoms. There are often none (or few) until Stage 4 CKD which is advanced disease. Most of the 10 symptoms below can be caused by chronic kidney disease (CKD). But. Several are non-specific, and can be caused by other kidney diseases. For […]
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How to apply to a UK medical school If you are applying to medical school there is a range of things to consider. This incudes attending a university open day, submitting your application and attending an interview. We hope this article will help guide you through the application process. Subjects you need to study medicine […]
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What controls the bladder? The bladder is controlled by a complex interplay of muscles, nerves and organs. Muscles Detrusor muscle: Contracts to empty the bladder during urination. Internal urethral sphincter: Automatically closes to prevent urine leakage. External urethral sphincter: Voluntarily controls urine flow. Pelvic floor muscles: Support the bladder and maintain continence. Nerves The bladder […]
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10 bladder facts In this article we will describe 10 facts about the bladder. Let’s start with the basics. 1. Basics – the bladder is a hollow, triangular-shaped muscular organ located in the lower abdomen (the pelvis). Its function is to act as a reservoir for urine (expanding as it fills up), before it is removed from the body through urination (weeing). It […]
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10 urinary incontinence facts Key Points Prevalence: Urinary incontinence (UI) affects millions of people worldwide, with varying degrees of severity. Types: Stress, urgency, mixed, and functional incontinence are recognised categories. Risk factors: Age, gender, obesity, and comorbidities. Diagnostic approaches: Clinical assessment, urodynamic tests, and imaging. Management strategies: Behavioural therapies, medication, and surgical interventions are available. […]
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10 common kidney diseases (with photos) In this article we will describe 10 common kidney diseases, and include relevant photos. 1. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) A progressive loss of kidney function over months or years (or abnormal structure), often associated with diabetes and hypertension. Management focuses on slowing progression and addressing complications. Definition: CKD is […]
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10 common eye diseases (with photos) Your eyes are some of your body’s most important assets. In a single glance they can recognise faces and places, alert us to potential danger, and so on. Hence maintaining the health of your eyes is critical. Here are the top 10 most common eye diseases. 1. Acute conjunctivitis […]
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10 common nail diseases (with photos) Below are the 10 most common nail diseases. 1. Brittle nails Brittle nails are common. Here are some causes. Ageing: Brittle nails are a common result of aging. Chronic medical conditions: Iron or zinc deficiency, thyroid disease, anaemia, or anorexia nervosa/bulimia Nail habits: Overuse of nail polish, manicures, nail […]
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How to make diagnoses from nail abnormalities All of the conditions below can be diagnosed through the nails, with a bit of experience. Nail abnormalities include variations in the shape, colour, thickness, and texture of the fingernails, toenails, or both. Some changes are normal and harmless; whilst others may be a sign of injury, infection, […]
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What causes yellow nails? Nails can tell you a lot about your overall state of health. When they become yellow, it usually means that you have a fungal infection or is part of the ageing process. But there are other causes. We will now go through the causes of yellow nails, and its treatment. Before […]
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